Controlled release mixing fertilizer as a high efficiency new type fertilizer is widely applied to the croplands in agroecological systems. In order to clarify the effects of controlled release mixing fertilizer on yield of single-cropping rice and to select an environmentally friendly phosphorus application practice, this study was oriented to analyze crop yield, phosphorus utilization efficiency and the risk of phosphorus loss in surface water based on a fertilization field experiment along the Yangtze River. Five treatments were designed, including none fertilization (CK),traditional fertilization (NPK, 108 kg·hm^-2), reducing 30% phosphorus (CMF1), reducing 40% phosphorus (CMF2) and reducing 50% phosphorus (CMF3) by controlled release mixing fertilizer. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the rice yield among NPK, CMF1, CMF2 and CMF3 treatments. The controlled release mixing fertilizer treatments also reduced the phosphorus surplus in single season rice fields, with the CMF3 treatment being the most effective. Compared with NPK treatment, CMF1, CMF2 and CMF3 significantly reduced