In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen on the accumulation of aroma components in apocarya, four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 kg per plant in average) were conducted using 'Pawnee' as the study subject to obtain the optimum amount of fertilizer. Simultaneous distillation extraction combined with gas chromatography was used to determine the key aroma components. The accuracy and precision of the analytical method were verified, and due to the low cost of the test, it was suitable for the determination of large number of samples. The results showed that low nitrogen conditions contributed to the formation and accumulation of aroma components in 'Pawnee' kernels, while high nitrogen conditions were not conducive to the production of aroma components. The contents of six key aroma components varied among the different nitrogen treatments, with the highest accumulation of the target aroma components occurring at 0.4 kg of nitrogen per plant. The accumulation of aroma components in apocarya was promoted by reasonable low nitrogen treatments.