In order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and utilization of solar energy resources in Anhui Province, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal variation and utilization potential of solar radiation energy in Anhui Province based on the daily sunshine hours data of 20 meteorological stations from 1970 to 2020, with Bozhou, Hefei and Huangshan as representative stations in Anhui Province. The results showed that the spatial distribution of solar radiation in Anhui Province was more in the north and less in the south. The solar radiation in northern Anhui fluctuated greatly, while the solar radiation in central Anhui and southern Anhui fluctuated within a certain range. The 11-cycle variation of each representative station was consistent with the solar activity cycle. Anhui Province is generally in the area of abundant solar energy resources, with a long utilization period and stable sunshine. The area of photovoltaic cells that could be installed on the roofs of Anhui Province was 1 277.51 km, concentrated in the central and northern parts of Anhui Province, accounting for 0.9% of the province's area, with a power generation potential of about 2.05×10¹⁴kJ.