Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a sensitive indicator of dynamic changes in soil organic carbon. Based on a 3-year field-located experiment (2018-2021) under wheat-maize rotation system in lime concretion black soil area, we investigated the response characteristics of dissolved organic matter in lime concretion black soil to straw return with fertilizer application, which will provide a scientific basis for soil fertilization and soil organic matter enhancement in lime concretion black soil area. The field experiment was conducted in four treatments: no fertilizer (CK), straw return alone (S), recommended fertilizer (F), and straw + recommended fertilizer (SF). The changes of dissolved organic carbon content and its components were analyzed by conventional measurement and spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved total nitrogen (TDN), NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N contents were significantly higher in the fertilizer treatments compared with those of the control or straw return alone (P<0.05). DOC content was significantly higher in the SF treatment than that in the F treatment (P<0.05), which increased 18.9%. While TDN, NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N contents were significantly lower than those in the F treatments (P<0.05), which decreased 55.0%, 64.1% and 51.3%, respectively. Combined analysis of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies showed that the contents of humus-like substances in soil DOM were improved to different degrees by the treatments of straw return and fertilizer application, in which the percentages of humus-like substances were in the order of SF (59.6%) > S (57.5%) > F (55.9%) > CK (55.1%). While the contents of protein-like substances with relatively simple