In order to evaluate and analyze the habitat quality and its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics in Henan Province, the InVEST model and Morans’I index were used based on five periods of land use data from 1980 to 2018, and the influencing factors driving the temporal and spatial variation of habitat quality were revealed with the help of Geodetector model. The results showed that: (1) The overall habitat quality in Henan Province was at a medium level. From 1980 to 2018, the average habitat quality decreased from 0.420 9 to 0.401 0, and the degree of habitat degradation increased from 0.117 1 to 0.149 4. The overall habitat quality in the region showed a downward trend. (2) The regions with high habitat quality were concentrated in the mountainous and hilly areas in the southwest of the province, showing the distribution characteristics of "high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north". The hot spots of habitat degradation were concentrated in the urban construction land in the middle east. (3) The Moran＇s I index of habitat quality and habitat degradation showed positive spatial autocorrelation, but the spatial aggregation decreased year by year. (4) Land use type was the dominant factor driving the change of habitat quality, and the explanatory power (q value) was 96.87%. The interaction of any two factors on the spatial differentiation of habitat quality was greater than that of single factor. The interaction results of land use and NDVI, elevation, precipitation, slope, temperature and night light intensity were greater than 0.97.