The paper studied the changes of seed germination and storage material at different temperature to understand the changes of storage material and various enzymes during the germination of Lactuca tatarica seeds. The results showed that: variable temperature could increase the germination rate of seeds. When the optimum variable temperature was 15 ℃ or 30 ℃, the highest germination rate of the seeds could reach to 54.45%; during the seed germination, the nutrients were gradually hydrolyzed under the action of related enzymes, which provided nitrogen source, carbon source and energy for the growth of embryo. There were some differences in the degradation process of the substance in the seeds. Among them, carbohydrate mobilization was fast, while the hydrolysis of fat and protein was relatively slow. During the germination of L. tatarica, the carbohydrate metabolism mainly attributes to the hydrolysis of α - amylase, and its enzyme activity is positively correlated with the germination rate of seeds; tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) coexist during seed germination of L. tatarica, and PPP plays a dominant role in seed germination of L. tatarica.