To investigate the current status of microplastics (MPs) contamination in the surface water and sediments of the Dafangying Reservoir and its differences, the abundance, type, size, color and polymer type of MPs were identified by sampling, density extraction, microscope observation and Raman spectrometer determination. The results showed that the average abundance of MPs in surface water was (18.62 ± 7.12) n·L^-1, and in sediment was (162.00 ± 57.45) n·kg^-1; the types of microplastics in the Dafangying Reservoir were mainly fibers, particles and microbeads were the main morphological types of MPs in the Dafangying Reservoir, and the percentage of microbeads in sediment was higher than that in surface water. The size of MPs was mostly dropped into the range of 50 μm -1 mm, within which MPs in the sediment was higher than in the surface water, the highest percentage of microplastics was found in the sediment (92.62%) than in surface water (84.49%); the proportion of transparent (49.22%) and white (28.41%) MPs in the sediments was higher than that in the surface water, while the proportion of black (18.66%) microplastics in the sediment was lower than that in the surface water (36.24%). The main polymer types of microplastics were polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP). The proportion of PS in the sediment (27.47%) was higher than that in the surface water (23.73%), while the proportion of PE and PP in the sediment was lower than that in the surface water. Pollution load index (PLI) was used to evaluate the ecological risk of MPs in the surface water and sediments of the Dafangying Reservoir. The results showed that the MPs pollution was in hazard level Ⅰ, with significantly higher PLI value in the surface water than that in the sediment.