In order to explore the effects of micro-sprinkling with supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture on wheat yield formation, a field experiment was conducted, taken the high-yield wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L.) 'Jimai22' as the study object. The experiment was designed with rain-fed (RI, i.e., no irrigation during the whole growth period), traditional flood irrigation (FI, i.e., irrigation with 60 mm at the jointing stage) and micro-sprinkling irrigation (MI, i.e., supplemental irrigation was based on measuring soil moisture content of 0 - 40 cm soil layers at the jointing stage, booting stage, anthesis stage and filling stage, respectively, and the soil moisture reached 75% field capacity). The physiological characteristics of flag leaf after anthesis, dry matter accumulation (DM) characteristics and grain yield (GY) of different treatments were investigated. The results showed that the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf of MI was significantly higher than that of FI and RI, and RI was the lowest. At the filling period, MI maintained the highest activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), followed by FI, and RI was the lowest. However, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the flag leaf of MI at the filling stage was significantly lower than that of FI and RI. At maturity, there was no significant difference in total DM between MI and FI, and they were significantly higher than RI. Nevertheless, MI significantly increased the contribution of post anthesis DM to GY. In addition, the DM of stem and sheath at maturity showed that FI was significantly higher than MI, while RI was significantly lower than MI. And the DM in the leaves, spike-stalks + glumes and grains showed that MI was significantly higher than FI, and FI was significantly higher than RI. Compared with RI,