To study the effects of cold stimulation on blood routine, serum biochemical indices and immune function in rabbits, five adult healthy female rabbits were subjected to cold stimulation at 0 °C. The body temperature, blood cells, serum biochemical, antioxidant and immune parameters were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h of cold stimulation treatment and 12 and 24 h after returning to room temperature. The results showed that the body temperature of rabbits at 12 h of recovery during cold stimulation was significantly higher compared with that before cold stimulation (P < 0.05). Among them, red blood cells (RBC), red blood cell specific volume (HCT) and hemoglobin (HGB) were significantly higher at 1 h of cold stimulation compared with 24 h of recovery (P < 0.05), and lymphocytes (Lymp), neutrophils (Gran), at 6 h of cold stimulation compared to 24 h of recovery (P < 0.05). Glutamic oxalyl transaminase (AST), glutamic alanine transaminase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLU), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly increased after 12 h of cold stimulation compared to before cold stimulation (P < 0.05). Compared to before cold stimulation, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 3 h of cold stimulation. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 6 h of cold stimulation, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) did not change significantly (P > 0.05) throughout the process. After 24 h of recovery, all the indexes except ALT and CK After 24 h of recovery, all indexes except ALT and CK returned to normal. The results showed that cold stimulation could cause significant changes in some of the blood,