Eleven wheat varieties suitable for planting in Northern Anhui were selected, including Yannong 19, Zhongmai 578, Weilong 169, Huacheng 1688, Annong 1589, Tianyike No. 5, Quanmai 725, Annong 0711, Xinong 99, Huazhan 199 and Zhongyu 1211, to study and analyze the characteristics of yield, population dynamic change, dry matter transport, accumulation and distribution of each wheat variety. The results showed that: the yields of the 11 tested wheat varieties reached more than 7 000 kg·hm^-2, belonging to high-yielding wheat varieties, and among them, the yields of four wheat varieties, Weilong 169, Quanmai 725, Xinong 99 and Huazhan 199, reached more than 8 000 kg·hm^-2; the yield composition was coordinated, the number of panicles and panicle rate were high, and the dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution in grains and dry matter transport were higher than those of other varieties. Correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly and positively correlated with the tiller spike rate and highly significant positive correlated with the spike number. The four wheat varieties, Weilong 169, Quanmai 725, Xinong 99 and Huazhan 199, had high panicle number and tiller panicle rate and high yield, indicating which are suitable for popularization and planting in Northern Anhui.