Torreya grandis Fort.ex Lind is the most widely distributed genus Torreya in China. T. grandis is economically important due to the excellent edibility and pharmaceutical value of the nut seeds, especially in Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces where T. grandis has characters of centralized distribution. The amounts and areas reduced rapidly in wild populations of T.grandis because that top-grafting technique had been used for replacing cultivar by scion of T. grandis ‘Xifei’ according to the rapidly developed industry of planting and processing on T. grandis. cv. Merrillii. Therefore, the evaluation of the genetic diversity of wild resources has crucial guiding significance for the collection, conservation development and variety selection of T.grandis. A total of 142 individuals derived from five populations of T.grandis located in regions with wide distribution, including Anhui Huangshan (HS), Zhejiang Zhuji (ZJ), Zhejiang Yinzhou (YZ), Zhejiang Songyang (SY) and Jiangxi Lichuan (LC), were characterized with 36 pairs of EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag - simple sequence repeat) primers derived from transcriptome of T.grandis and seperated on capillary electrophoresis in Qseq100^TM. The