The study aimed to explore the stress of water eutrophication on Pterocarya stenoptera. The water cultivation experiment was conducted to study the biomass, TN and TP contents in roots, stems and leaves, and the activity of SOD and POD in leaves of one-year seedlings of P. stenoptera, which were grown in simulated eutrophic water with TN and TP of 2 mg·L^-1 and 0.4 mg·L^-1 (mild, denoted as C1); 20 and 8 mg·L^-1 (medium mild, denoted as C2); 40 and 15 mg·L^-1 (moderate, denoted as C3); 80 and 25 mg·L^-1 (severe, denoted as C4). The results showed that the height, stem base diameter, biomass of P. stenoptera grown in different eutrophic levels treatments were bigger than those grown in the control treatment.With the increase of eutrophic levels, the concentrations of TN and TP in P. stenoptera leaves were increased significantly among the different treatments (P<0.05). However, the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in roots and stems changed different with those in leaves, they were increased to the maximum at C3 treatment, and the nitrogen and phosphorus were 16.49 and 2.18 g·kg^-1 for root, 11.14 and 1.27 g·kg^-1 for stem. For C4 treatment, nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly decreased compared with those in C3 treatment (P<0.05). The activities of SOD and POD were different among the different eutrophic levels treatments. The SOD activity of leaves in C4 treatment was significantly lower than that in C1, C2 and C3. The activity of POD was the highest in C3 treatment, reaching 5 214 g·U^-1, which was significantly higher than that in C1 and C4 treatments (P<0.05). This study revealed the growth of P. stenoptera in different eutrophication levels, and it can be a reference for deeply exploring the decontamination mechanism of P. stenoptera in eutrophic water.