ATP-binding cassette transporter is a type of transmembrane transporter family and is ubiquitously found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. It has a wide variety, a large family and diverse functions, whose main function is to transport the substrate through the reverse concentration gradient across the membrane by using the energy generated by ATP hydrolysis. It also participates in many important physiological processes such as antigen transfer, signal transduction and cell detoxification and etc. In this paper, the structural characteristics, transmembrane transportation mechanism and influencing factors of ABC transporters were reviewed. It provides a theoretical basis and research ideas for studying the ABC transporters mediated ions transmembrane transportation and resistance to abiotic stress in plants.