In this study, leaves of seven chestnut cultivars were used to study the damage caused by high temperature stress and drought stress by measuring the change of conductivity with a conductometer. The results showed that the cultivars of ‘Yanhong’and ‘Zaoshu 3’ are much more heat tolerant than ‘Heishanzhai 7’ and ‘Hebei Zunda’. ‘Hebei “Zunyu’ and ‘Yangguang 3’ are much more drought tolerant than ‘Yanhong’ and ‘Zaoshu 3’. It would provide a theoretical basis for selecting heat and drought tolerant chestnut cultivars and extending the cultivation techniques.