The LST-EVI characteristic space was built using MOD11A2 and MOD13A2, two types of data that were generated by Terra/Modis 8 days’ land surface temperature (LST), Terra/Modis16 days’ enhanced vegetation index (EVI) from the 153th day to the 241th day of 2012, respectively. According to the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI), representing the monitoring index of soil moisture, calculated by the characteristic space, soil moisture distribution of every 8 days in Anhui province from June to August, 2012 was retrieved. The essential features of triangular distribution of LST-EVI characteristic space were confirmed. The results showed that the summer drought in Anhui province often occurs in two periods of time (the first third of June to the middle third of July, and the middle third of July to the first third of August) in general. The time of these two periods was not long enough to cause an unacceptable damage. The drought was fade away from the first third of August to the middle third of August. The study provided a method and theory basis to carry through drought dynamic monitoring using the remote sensing data.