It is very important for restoration and plant biodiversity protection to research on community structure and plant diversity. A plot（150 m×120 m）was set up in the natural evergreen-deciduous broadleaf mixed forest in Tongling Yeshan to analyze the community structure, species composition and diversity within the plot, based on the investigation of the plot. The results show that this community contains 52 species which belong to 43 genera of 33 families. The dominant species is Quercus acutissima, followed by Cyclobalanopsis glauca etc. in tree layer. The proportion of the number, the basal area accounting for the sum of tree number and basal area, and the sum of the important value of deciduous broadleaf forest are larger than that of evergreen broadleaf in tree layer. The community has a structural characteristic of north subtropical and lower mountain evergreen-deciduous broadleaf forest. The diameter (﹥5 cm) distribution of tree layer show a left skewed distribution, indicating the stand has a characteristic of diameter distribution of ever-aged forest. The dominant species is Deutzia scabra, and the subdominant is Cyclobalanopsis glauca etc. in shrub layer. The dominant species is Cyclobalanopsis glauca in herb layer. The indices for species richness and shannon-wiener are shrub layer＞tree layer＞herb layer. Evenness index is shrub layer＞tree layer＞herb layer. The Simpson ecological dominance index is herb layer＞tree layer＞shrub layer. The shrub layer contains a variety of seedling and sapling, which is the same as tree layer in tree species. Between the tree layer and shrub layer, there is a correlation in tree species.