The content and chemical fractionations of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in five different treatments were studied based on the 31-year long-term localized fertilization on Shajiang Black Soil. The fertilizer treatments included CK, NP, M, MNP (equal nitrogen) and HMNP (high nitrogen). The results showed that the heavy metal contents of Cu, Zn were significantly different under different fertilizer treatments, especially, the NP treatment improved total soil Cu content to an extent of 85%. However, fertilizer treatments had no significant influence on the total contents of Cd and Pb. Among the chemical fractionations, the residual form of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb was the main fractionation of the heavy metals in the soil in despite of different fertilizations, and accounting for 44.4%, 45.6%, 35.4% and 80.3% of their total content respectively. Fertilizer treatments affected the distribution of total heave mental to fractionations and their sequence. The contents of Cu and Zn in different fractionations showed the order from high to low as residual form, carbonate form, Fe-Mn oxide form, organic form and exchangeable form. The contents of different Pb showed the sequence as residual form, organic form, exchangeable form, carbonate form and Fe-Mn oxide form, totally different with those of Cu, Zn. Fertilizer treatments affected the amount of different fractions. However, the sequence of different forms of Cd was significantly affected by fertilizer treatments. Under the long-term fertilization of NP、MNP, the sequence of the fractionations of Cd from high to low was residual form, organic form, Fe-Mn oxide form, carbonate form and exchangeable form. However, the other treatments showed the sequence as residual form, carbonate form, organic form, Fe-Mn oxide form, and exchangeable form.