In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of single tracheids sampled from mature wood of Larix olgensi Henry, tensile testing method was involved. The results show that the mechanical properties of the single tracheids of early-wood tracheids, including the modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and breaking elongation, were 9.64 GPa, 714.05 MPa and 6.01%, respectively; and 12.74 GPa, 963.85 MPa, and 8.60% of the latewood tracheids. According to analyzing the data by anova analysis method, there was significant difference (P<0.01) between early and late wood tracheids in properties of mechanics, and latewood trachieds owned higher qualities of mechanics. It was clear that the modulus of elasticity and tension strength were significantly different (P<0.01) among rings of wood tracheids, whereas the breaking elongation of single tracheids showed no significant difference. In radial direction, the mechanical properties of single trachieids were increased with the ring grading. The modulus of elasticity and tension strength of single tracheids were significantly different (P<0.01) in longitudinal, whereas there was no significant difference of single tracheids in the breaking elongation. The conclusion would provide a theoretical basis for Larix olgensi in selecting and cultivating.