Although the biosynthetic pathways for anthocyanins and their regulation have been well studied, the cytology of anthocyanin accumulation is still less understood. Here, we used light and electron microscopy to investigate the anatomical features in pigmented inner pericarp of ‘Hongyang’, the mainly cultivated red kiwifruit in China, and to describe the cytological morphology of anthocyanoplasts. The results showed anthocyanoplasts and pigmented cells were formed in specific tissues. It was firstly observed that there are two forms of anthocyanoplasts, one is vesicle-like pigment bodies, and the other is the smaller intensely pigmented granule. Morphology, degradation and vacuolarization of anthocyanoplasts carriers (or anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions carriers) were also observed. Vesicle-like pigment bodies appeared in the small cells of vascular traces and its adjacent cells (VTs) in inner pericarp of ‘Hongyang’ at 30 days after flowering (DAF). In addition, at 68 DAF, smaller intensely pigmented granules were found in the bigger septum-originated parenchymatous cells (SEP). Anthocyanoplasts were kept in VTs at 117 DAF. Under electron microscopy, plenty of anthocyanoplasts carriers were observed in the bigger parenchymatous cells. Anthocyanoplasts in the carriers were showed to have multiple forms that reflected the coloration of the parenchymatous cells between each of two septums. Some were still keeping round, some were crescent-shaped, but others seemed to change to irregular. In general, those anthocyanoplasts became smaller and more irregular, and finally leaded to vacuolarization of the carriers to different extents. Our results described the positions of anthocyanoplasts formation and their cytological features. It was suggested that the coloration of ‘Hongyang’ inner pericarp was attributable to anthocyanin release after the anthocyanoplasts shift from VTs to SEP.