In this thesis,indices such as naturalness,diversity,representativeness,rarity,ecological fragility,suitability of area and human impacts were selected to evaluate the ecological quality of Henan Xiaoqinling nature reserve.The value of each index was determined by the evaluation system,and the weight percentage was decided by analytical hierarchy process(AHP).The composite evaluation index(CEI) was figured out as 0.8422,suggesting that the ecological quality of the nature reserve could be relatively good,and the protection value should be quite high.Finally,the problems facing the reserve at present were analyzed and the corresponding proposals were put forward.